Know Your Rights.
Use Them.

In most states, landlords are legally required to provide heat during cold months (commonly October through May). The minimum temperature standard is usually 68°F during the day and 65°F at night. Failure to provide heat is a violation of the implied warranty of habitability — a legal doctrine that exists in nearly every state. If your heat is broken, document it in writing immediately, send a repair request via certified mail, and contact your local housing authority if it isn't fixed within a reasonable time (usually 24–72 hours in winter).

Mold is not just unsightly — it causes serious respiratory illness, especially in children and people with asthma. Landlords are responsible for fixing the source of moisture (leaking pipes, roof leaks, poor ventilation) and remediating mold growth. If you discover mold, photograph it with timestamps, notify your landlord in writing, and keep a log of all communications. Many states allow rent withholding or repair-and-deduct remedies when landlords fail to act. Never let a landlord dismiss mold as "normal" or your responsibility.

Electrical hazards are among the leading causes of residential fires. Your landlord is required to maintain electrical systems in safe working order under housing codes in every state. This includes functioning outlets, properly grounded wiring, and a panel that meets code. If you report an electrical issue and your landlord ignores it, you may be able to contact your local building department for an inspection. A code violation citation creates a paper trail that strengthens any future legal action.

Pest infestations violate habitability standards in virtually every jurisdiction. Landlords are responsible for extermination when infestations are not caused by tenant negligence. If you move into a unit with pests, document it on your move-in checklist immediately. If pests appear during your tenancy, report them in writing. Keep records of all pest sightings (photos, dates, locations). In many states, a landlord's failure to exterminate gives you grounds to withhold rent, break your lease, or pursue damages.

Landlords must provide functioning locks on all exterior doors and windows. In many states, they must also rekey locks between tenants. If your locks are broken, document it and request repair in writing. If your landlord changes your locks without notice or legal cause, that's an illegal lockout — a serious violation that can entitle you to damages, immediate re-entry, and in some states, penalties against the landlord. Never accept a verbal promise to fix security issues; always get it in writing.

Security deposit law is one of the most tenant-friendly areas of landlord-tenant law. Most states require landlords to: return the deposit within 14–30 days of move-out, provide an itemized written statement of any deductions, and keep the deposit in a separate account. Normal wear and tear cannot be deducted. If your landlord fails to follow these rules, you may be entitled to double or triple the deposit amount as a penalty. Always do a move-in inspection, photograph every room, and get a signed copy of the checklist.